commandery
In the Middle Ages, a commandery (rarely commandry) was the smallest administrative division of the European landed properties of a military order. It was also the name of the house where the knights of the commandery lived.Anthony Luttrell and G ...
of China from
Han dynasty
The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and a warr ...
to
Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an Zhou dynasty (690–705), interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dyn ...
, centered in Pengcheng (present-day
Xuzhou
Xuzhou (徐州), also known as Pengcheng (彭城) in ancient times, is a major city in northwestern Jiangsu province, China. The city, with a recorded population of 9,083,790 at the 2020 census (3,135,660 of which lived in the built-up area ma ...
).
Han dynasty
In the early Han dynasty, Pengcheng was a commandery in the Chu Kingdom, a semi-independent kingdom ruled by Liu Jiao, brother of the Emperor Gaozu, and his descendants. After Chu rebelled and was defeated during the
Rebellion of the Seven States
The Rebellion of the Seven States or Revolt of the Seven Kingdoms () took place in 154 BC against the Han dynasty of China by its regional semi-autonomous kings, to resist the emperor's attempt to centralize the government further.
Background
...
, a part of Pengcheng was granted to Liu Li (劉禮), a son of Liu Jiao, and retained the name "Chu Kingdom". Pengcheng became a centrally administered commandery in 69 BC, when the Chu king Liu Yanshou (劉延壽) committed suicide for participating in a conspiracy against the Han court. In 51 BC, Chu Kingdom was again created and awarded to Liu Xiao (劉囂), a son of the reigning Emperor Xuan. Xiao's lineage held Chu until
Wang Mang
Wang Mang () (c. 45 – 6 October 23 CE), courtesy name Jujun (), was the founder and the only Emperor of China, emperor of the short-lived Chinese Xin dynasty. He was originally an official and consort kin of the Han dynasty and later ...
's usurpation.
Pengcheng was granted to Liu Ying (劉英), a son of the
Emperor Guangwu
Emperor Guangwu of Han (; 15 January 5 BC – 29 March AD 57), born Liu Xiu (), courtesy name Wenshu (), was a Chinese monarch. He served as an emperor of the Han dynasty by restoring the dynasty in AD 25, thus founding the Eastern Han (Later ...
, as Chu in 37 AD, but was revoked in 70 because Ying was accused of plotting rebellion. In 88, the region was gifted to Liu Gong (劉恭), a son of the Emperor Ming, as the Pengcheng Kingdom. It survived until the end of Han dynasty. In 140 AD, Pengcheng administered 8 counties: Pengcheng (彭城), Wuyuan (武原), Fuyang (傅陽), Lü (呂), Liu (留), Wu (梧), Ziqiu (甾丘), and Guangqi (廣戚). The population was 493,027 individuals, or 86,170 households.
Jin dynasty
Pengcheng continued to serve as the fief of various imperial princes during
and the Jin dynasty. In the Jin dynasty, the title Prince of Pengcheng was held by Sima Quan (司馬權), a nephew of
Sima Yi
Sima Yi ( ; 179 CE – 7 September 251 CE), courtesy name Zhongda, was a Chinese military general, politician, and regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
He formally began his political career in 208 un ...
, and his descendants. In 280, the population was 4,121 households.
Yongjia period
The region became part of the
Sixteen Kingdoms
The Sixteen Kingdoms (), less commonly the Sixteen States, was a chaotic period in Chinese history from AD 304 to 439 when northern China fragmented into a series of short-lived dynastic states. The majority of these states were founded by ...
Liu Song
Song, known as Liu Song (), Former Song (前宋) or Song of (the) Southern Dynasty (南朝宋) in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the first of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. ...
conquered it in early 5th century, but later lost the commandery to
Northern Wei
Wei (), known in historiography as the Northern Wei (), Tuoba Wei (), Yuan Wei () and Later Wei (), was founded by the Tuoba (Tabgach) clan of the Xianbei. The first of the Northern and Southern dynasties#Northern dynasties, Northern dynasties ...
during
Emperor Ming of Song
Emperor Ming of (Liu) Song ((劉)宋明帝) (9 December 439 – 10 May 472), personal name Liu Yu (劉彧), courtesy name Xiubing (休炳), childhood name Rongqi (榮期), was an emperor of the Chinese Liu Song dynasty. He became emperor after h ...
's reign. In 464, Pengcheng administered 5 counties: Pengcheng, Lü, Fan (蕃), Xue (薛) and Liu, with a population of 41,231 (8,627 households). The commandery was abolished in early
Sui dynasty
The Sui dynasty (, ) was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China that lasted from 581 to 618. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties, thus ending the long period of division following the fall of the Western Jin dynasty, and layi ...
.
Sui and Tang dynasties
In Sui and Tang dynasties, Pengcheng became an alternative name of Xu Prefecture. In 741, it covered 7 counties, namely Pengcheng, Xiao,
Feng Feng may refer to:
*Feng (surname), one of several Chinese surnames in Mandarin:
**Féng (surname) ( wikt:冯 féng 2nd tone "gallop"), very common Chinese surname
**Fèng (surname) ( wikt:鳳 fèng 4th tone "phoenix"), relatively common Chinese fa ...
,
Pei
PEI or Pei may refer to:
Places
*Matecaña International Airport, Pereira, Colombia, IATA code PEI
*Pei County (沛县), Jiangsu, China
*Pei Commandery (沛郡), a commandery in Chinese history
*Prince Edward Island, a province of Canada
* Pei, ...
,
Teng Teng may refer to:
*Teng (surname) (滕), a Chinese surname
*Teng (state), an ancient Chinese state
*Teng (mythology), a flying dragon in Chinese mythology
*Teng County
Teng County or Tengxian (; za, Dwngz Yen) is a county of eastern Guangxi, C ...
,
Suqian
Suqian (, IPA: ) is a prefecture-level city in northern Jiangsu Province, China. It borders Xuzhou to the northwest, Lianyungang to the northeast, Huai'an to the south, and the province of Anhui to the west.
History
Suqian was said to be the si ...
and
Xiapi
Pizhou () is a county-level city under the administration of Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China. As of 2006 it had a population of 163,000; it borders the Shandong prefecture-level cities of Linyi to the northeast and Zaozhuang to the northwest.
His ...
.''
New Book of Tang
The ''New Book of Tang'', generally translated as the "New History of the Tang" or "New Tang History", is a work of official history covering the Tang dynasty in ten volumes and 225 chapters. The work was compiled by a team of scholars of the So ...